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Basic Act on Ocean Policy,which aims at comprehensively developing and utilizing the jurisdictional sea zones of Japan (the territorial sea, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone etc.)while conserving the environment of these zones,was first enacted in Japan in April,2007.This Act consists of four chapters:the first chapter is ‘General Provisions’(Arts.1-15),providing the purpose and principles of this Act;the second is ‘Basic Plan on Ocean Policy’(Art.16),providing that the government draws up the basic plan relevant to the above-mentioned sea zones pursuant to the purpose and principles in the first chapter;the third is ‘Basic Measures’(Arts.17-28),providing the essentials to be reflected in Basic Plan on Ocean Policy;the fourth is‘the Headquarters for Ocean Policy’(Arts.29-38),which promotes measures relevant to the above-mentioned sea zones intensively and synthetically.In this article,the author examined, in the light of the Deliberations at the 166 Session of the Diet where this Act was considered, several problems to be solved when the Japanese government tries to formulate Basic Plan on Ocean Policy.Those problems are as follows:researching and developing the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone (hereafter EEZ) of Japan; securing enough numbers of Japanese ships and well-trained Japanese crew; strengthening international competitiveness of Japanese harbours; strengthening the business management basis of entrepreneurs engaged in marine transport industries;clarification of the duties of Japan Coast Guard and its reorganization;promotion of school education about the ocean;conserving the marine environment in the jurisdictional sea zones of Japan and building up international cooperation in its preservation;delimitations of the continental shelf and EEZ between the neighbouring countries.
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